Deep and open sea aquaculture is an emerging marine industry, and the development of deep and sea aquaculture is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of fisheries, expanding the development space of the blue economy and ensuring national food security. At present, China’s mariculture space has gradually expanded from offshore to the deep and open sea, and deep-sea aquaculture is developing rapidly.
1. The scale of deep and open sea aquaculture has expanded rapidly
China’s deep and open sea aquaculture is still in the development stage, and the main aquaculture equipment is deep-water cage. The development of deep and open sea aquaculture in China from 2010 to 2019 is shown in the figure below. In recent ten years, deep sea aquaculture in China has developed rapidly. The aquaculture volume of deep-water cage showed a fluctuating trend, first increased, then decreased, and then increased, while the aquaculture output has always shown a fluctuating upward trend, especially since 2013, the aquaculture output has increased sharply. From 2013 to 2019, the annual average growth rate of deep-water cage aquaculture output in China was 18.56%; The volume of breeding equipment also increased significantly, from 4.15 in 2013 × 106m ³ Increase to 1.94 in 2019 × 107m ³， The average annual growth rate reached 29.25%.
2. A certain breakthrough has been made in the equipment and technology of deep and open sea aquaculture
The western fishery developed countries represented by Norway, the United States, Japan and Canada have accumulated rich experience in deep-water cage culture technology, and their cage has excellent wind, wave and current resistance. The more representative ones are HDPE circular cage of Norwegian AKVA company, Japanese floating rope cage and American dish cage. China’s deep-water cage culture started late. In recent 30 years, China has vigorously developed deep-water cage technology, solved the problems of simple structure, backward equipment and poor anti current ability of deep-water cage, and made a certain breakthrough in resisting typhoon and bad sea conditions. After long-term exploration, China has not only realized the independent design of deep-water cage, but also reached the world advanced level, and carried out aquaculture experiments in the sea areas of Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hainan. At present, the main deep-sea aquaculture equipment in China can be divided into liftable Submersible Cage, offshore island and reef floating cage, offshore pasture fence, box girder frame aquaculture platform, semi submersible deep-sea fishing ground, etc., mainly large aquaculture ships and deep-water cage with strong wind and wave resistance. In May 2018, the world’s largest fully Submersible Cage “dark blue 1”, designed by universities and scientific research institutes such as Ocean University of China, was completed in Qingdao, Shandong Province. The cage has a perimeter of 180m and 5 aquaculture water bodies × 104m ³， It can cultivate 300000 salmon at a time. In addition, “Dehai 1”, China’s first 10000 ton “Dehai intelligent aquaculture fishery”, was completed and successfully put into Zhuhai in September 2018. It mainly carried out the breeding test of major varieties in the South China Sea such as Pseudosciaena crocea and JUNCAO fish, and the breeding water body reached 3 × 104m ³， It can adapt to the sea environment with a water depth of 20-100m. It is the first 10000 ton deep-sea aquaculture system equipment with complete intellectual property rights in China. It is also the world’s first large-scale fishing ground that has been tested by level 17 typhoon and ensured safety. In July 2019, Fubao No. 1, the largest abalone culture platform in the far-reaching sea in China, was officially completed. The platform is equipped with advanced equipment such as wind and solar power generation, water quality monitoring, video monitoring, data wireless transmission, oxygenation device and so on, which is suitable for large-scale culture in the far-reaching sea. In June 2018, CSIC Wuchuan group started the construction of China’s first three super large deep-sea “intelligent fishing grounds” for the South China Sea in Qingdao. China’s deep and open sea aquaculture facilities are gradually developing in the direction of intelligence, large-scale and safety. The technical level of deep and open sea aquaculture equipment is constantly improving, and the supporting role for the development of deep and open sea aquaculture is significantly enhanced.
3. Deep and open sea aquaculture models tend to be diversified
There are great differences in the environment of the deep and open sea area, and the living habits of breeding varieties are diverse, which determines that the mode of deep and open sea aquaculture in China must be diversified. After years of exploration, China has gradually formed a diversified breeding model. For example, during the 12th Five Year Plan period, Xu Hao and others designed and built a 100000 ton hull platform with 7.5% of aquaculture water body × 104m ³， It can form an annual output of 4 × The breeding capacity of grouper above 103t has formed a far-reaching development model of “deep blue fishery” in the sea integrating “breeding, fishing and processing”. The Yellow Sea cold water trout salmon breeding team of Ocean University of China has developed a breeding boat and designed a 5-meter water tank driven by wave energy × 104m ³ The full submersible steel cage “dark blue 1” and about 1.7 × 105m ³ The “dark blue 2” intelligent steel cage integrating “breeding, energy and management” has established the “Yimeng Mountain (Yellow Sea) relay” breeding mode, successfully completed the verification of the technical route of salmon culture in the Yellow Sea cold water mass, and has entered the stage of large-scale demonstration. In November 2019, Hainan’s first “5g + marine Ranch” demonstration project was put into trial operation in Lingshui deep-sea aquaculture farm, establishing a new aquaculture model of “5g + marine fishery”.
